HuggingFace Buckets Performance

Xet-backed storage benchmarks • m5dn.24xlarge (96 vCPUs, 384GB RAM, 100 Gbps) in us-east-1huggingface_hub 1.7.1 + hf-xet 1.4.2

Upload Throughput

CLI (hf buckets upload) vs Rust xet-data direct (no Python overhead, no SHA256). Unique random file per run.

CLI upload (hf buckets)
SizeRunTimeThroughput
100MB06.44s15.5 MB/s
100MB12.28s43.9 MB/s
100MB22.48s40.3 MB/s
1GB06.70s152.9 MB/s
1GB17.10s144.2 MB/s
1GB26.69s153.0 MB/s
5GB017.31s295.8 MB/s
5GB116.70s306.6 MB/s
5GB217.26s296.7 MB/s
10GB033.88s302.3 MB/s
10GB129.31s349.3 MB/s
10GB230.11s340.1 MB/s
50GB0129.31s396.0 MB/s
50GB1127.90s400.3 MB/s
50GB2129.54s395.2 MB/s
100GB0252.90s404.9 MB/s
100GB1254.50s402.4 MB/s
100GB2249.75s410.0 MB/s
Rust direct upload (xet-data)
SizeRunTimeThroughput
100MB02.17s46.1 MB/s
100MB12.21s45.3 MB/s
100MB22.47s40.5 MB/s
1GB06.43s159.2 MB/s
1GB16.26s163.6 MB/s
1GB26.19s165.5 MB/s
5GB016.36s312.9 MB/s
5GB116.06s318.9 MB/s
5GB215.49s330.5 MB/s

Download Throughput

CDN cold = first download after upload (cache miss, full origin fetch). Warm = subsequent downloads from CloudFront edge.

SizeColdWarm 0Warm 1Warm 2Speedup
100MB1.54s (65.0 MB/s)1.31s0.51s0.67s (149.9)1.9x
1GB3.92s (261.1 MB/s)3.67s2.11s1.91s (536.2)1.5x
5GB7.51s (681.9 MB/s)7.72s4.34s (1180.2)4.46s1.4x
10GB13.13s (779.9 MB/s)13.53s8.71s (1175.6)7.72s (1326.7)1.4x
50GB46.12s (1110.2 MB/s)54.68s46.56s (1099.8)45.32s (1129.6)1.0x
100GB93.92s (1090.3 MB/s)107.57s88.10s (1162.3)81.33s (1259.0)1.0x

Deduplication Efficiency

Upload a 500MB base file, then upload variants with N% bytes randomly modified. Only changed CDC chunks are transferred.

ChangedTransferredSavedDuration
Base (100%)500 MB4.93s
1%5.5 MB99%1.29s
5%27.5 MB95%1.30s
10%55 MB89%1.29s
50%275 MB45%1.30s

Incremental Update

500MB file, 2% modified, re-uploaded. Only changed chunks transferred on update.

StepDurationTransferred
Initial upload4.87s500 MB
Update (2% changed)1.08sdeduped

Directory Sync

100 files x 1MB, initial sync then modify 20% of files and re-sync.

StepDurationTransferredModified
Initial sync5.48s100 MB
Incremental5.20s20 MB20 files